Comparative Evaluation of Bioceramic Materials in Direct Pulp Capping: Assessing Pulp Vitality and Dentinal Bridge Formation

Abstract

The preservation of pulp vitality remains a fundamental goal in conservative endodontic therapy, with direct pulp capping serving as a critical procedure following mechanical or carious pulp exposure. This study provides a comparative evaluation of various bioceramic materials used in direct pulp capping, focusing on their efficacy in maintaining pulp vitality and promoting dentinal bridge formation. Materials such as Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and other calcium silicate-based bioceramics were assessed for their biological responses and regenerative potential. Clinical and radiographic parameters were used to evaluate pulp response and quality of dentinal bridge formation over a defined observation period. The findings demonstrated that bioceramic materials exhibited superior bioactivity, biocompatibility, and sealing ability compared to conventional materials, contributing to favorable pulpal healing and consistent dentinal bridge formation. Among the tested materials, Biodentine and MTA showed comparable outcomes, with Biodentine exhibiting faster setting time and handling advantages. The study reinforces the clinical significance of bioceramic materials as reliable agents in direct pulp capping procedures for preserving long-term pulp vitality.