In Vitro Study of the Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity of the Leptolyngbya spp. Isolated from Lonar Lake

Abstract

Cyanobacteria are the photosynthetic organism which colonise in the diverse ecological niche from fresh water to extreme environment. Theyproduces variety of the biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, alkaloids, phenolics and flavonoids which possess various pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical and nutraceutical properties. The present research is based on the study of the Leptolyngbya spp. for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. The Leptolyngbya spp. was isolated on bold basal medium from the extreme environment of the Lonar lake located in Maharashtra. The polyphenolic content (TPC) and flavonoids content (TFC) was assessed and it was found to be 27.33 ± 0.41 mg/equ. of tannic acid/gm and 40.076 ± mg/equ. of quercetin/ gm respectively. The crude whole cell extract was studied for the antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory activity. The antioxidant potential was studied by using free radical scavenging potential using the DPPH (2,2 -diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) assay and ABTS (2,2’-Azino-Bis-3-Ethylbenzothiazoline -6-Sulfonic acid) assay. Methanolic extracts of the Leptolyngbya spp. showed 63.70 ± 0.58 % inhibition for the DPPH assay and 94.30 ± 1.83 percent inhibition for ABTS assay. It was observed that the polyphenols contribute majorly to the antioxidant activity. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extracts of the Leptolyngbya spp. was studied by using the Human red blood cells membrane stabilisation assay for the heat induced and hypotonicity induced condition. The Leptolyngbya spp. showed 96 ± 0.1% Red Blood cells membrane stabilisation for heat induced condition and the IC 50 value was found as 453 ± 3 μg/ml. The percent RBC stabilisation observed for the hypotonicity induced condition was 86 ± 0.7% and IC 50 values was 86 ± 5 μg/ml. The Aspirin was used as standard for the RBC membrane stabilisation assay. The study results revealed that the Leptolyngbya spp. has a significant antioxidant potential and also possess a significant anti-inflammatory activity. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of the Leptolyngbya spp. was used for the development of the hair care products such as hair nourishing cream. The hair nourishing cream formulation was prepared with 0.1 % whole cell extracts of the algal mass of Leptolyngbya spp. The formulation was stable for the period of6 months with respect to the physicochemical parameters.